Prefixes & Suffixes

Exercise 1

https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/prefixes-suffixes/ps013.htm

source: https://www.tes.com/lessons/ysmIRntkn6z-Xw/prefixes-and-sufixes

Here comes the sun - The Beatles

Here comes the sun
Here comes the sun
And I say, it's all right

Little darling
It's been a long cold lonely winter
Little darling
It seems like years since it's been here

Here comes the sun
Here comes the sun
And I say, it's all right

Little darling
The smiles returning to the faces
Little darling
It seems like years since it's been here

Here comes the sun
Here comes the sun
And I say, it's all right

Sun, sun, sun, here it comes
Sun, sun, sun, here it comes
Sun, sun, sun, here it comes
Sun, sun, sun, here it comes

Little darling
I feel that ice is slowly melting
Little darling
It feels like years since it's been clear
Here comes the sun
Here comes the sun
And I say, it's all right

Here comes the sun
Here comes the sun
And I say, it's all right
It's all right

A poem by George Ella Lyon

George Ellen Lyon and a Summary of Where I'm From

Where I'm From is a poem that has become a classroom classic and is taught throughout the world. It has a universal appeal, with the template being used by children and adults alike to pinpoint exactly where they come from, what makes them unique.

• We all have our own story to tell. This poem helps zoom in on the specifics of that story and allows exploration of background, home, childhood, upbringing and family culture.

George Ellen Lyon is a poet, writer, musician, storyteller, and teacher and was inspired to write this poem when she read a book by fellow author Jo Carson titled 'Stories I Ain't Told Nobody Yet.' In amongst the quotes from various people was the following: "I want to know when you get to be from a place."

• So she created the poem to help her in the quest to find out just where she did come from. By remembering and naming all the things that stood out as important in her childhood, she was able to put things into perspective, and find that special place.

Where I'm From allows the reader into the intimate world of the speaker and gradually builds up a picture of identity and the factors that shape it.

Where I'm From

I am from clothespins,

from Clorox and carbon-tetrachloride.
I am from the dirt under the back porch.
(Black, glistening,
it tasted like beets.)
I am from the forsythia bush
the Dutch elm
whose long-gone limbs I remember
as if they were my own.

I'm from fudge and eyeglasses,
from Imogene and Alafair.
I'm from the know-it-alls
and the pass-it-ons,
from Perk up! and Pipe down!
I'm from He restoreth my soul
with a cottonball lamb
and ten verses I can say myself.

I'm from Artemus and Billie's Branch,
fried corn and strong coffee.
From the finger my grandfather lost
to the auger,
the eye my father shut to keep his sight.

Under my bed was a dress box
spilling old pictures,
a sift of lost faces
to drift beneath my dreams.
I am from those moments--
snapped before I budded --
leaf-fall from the family tree.

Analysis of Where I'm From

Where I'm From is clearly a look back at a childhood full of things but in the process of looking back the speaker is clarifying her identity as of now...I am from...meaning that her identity is made up of all these things from her past.

This poem goes some way towards answering the question Who am I? The speaker takes the reader on a journey through her childhood, through time and into the home where she was brought up.

• So there are lots of different domestic objects on view, each one with a connection back to the speaker. The home and its environs become alive through simple suggestions and memories.

The speaker isn't only a product of the household interior, she relates to nature too. Take the forsythia bush and the elm, whose limbs (branches) feel like her own, an allusion to a rooted existence and steady growth.

• The second stanza contains references to a part religious upbringing. The phrase He restoreth my soul is from Psalm 23, from the Old Testament of the Bible. And cottonball lamb could be Jesus Christ and the ten verses also from the Good Book.

She is a learner this speaker but she's had to endure some stuff - how about having to wear pass-it-ons (hand-me-downs)?, clothes from an older member of the family, instead of new ones bought from a store.... OR is pass-it-ons to do with secret messages whispered quietly in the ear?

We all know what know-it-alls are, they are people with rampant egos who think they know everything about everything but sometimes know very little and are not willing to learn!

Perk up and Pipe down are probably straight out of the family household or classroom, where an adult has calmly suggested to the speaker that they should:

a) dig deep for energy, look on the bright side of life and find their mojo again.

b) not talk so much and in so loud a fashion.

• In the third stanza the reader is taken into the state of Kentucky, to Artemus and Billie's Branch. The setting is rural, or basic, for she's from is fried corn.

She also is from a finger belonging to her grandfather, which was lost in an accident with an auger, a large wood boring drill made of metal. Ouch. And the eye of her father, which had to be kept shut to save his sight. Drastic stuff, pointing to a strong family/blood connection, related to trauma.

No mention of the mother though, which is kind of strange. Perhaps the house and home and surrounds are a substitute?

• The final stanza concludes with that most mysterious of places - under the bed, where lurk often ghosts and bogeymen and what have you. But not in this case. The speaker keeps her dress box and it is full to overflowing with images from her past, perhaps her ancestors.

The imagery is vivid - picture the girl asleep, dreaming, whilst the visages of her past family go on with their business below. What about the word sift? It means to separate out the most important things, in this case, ancestral portraits.

The final two lines are a bit of mystery. What does she mean when she says that she was snapped before she budded? Does that imply that she was broken and wasn't allowed to flourish? And that she has now left the family fold?

source: https://owlcation.com/humanities/Analysis-of-Poem-Where-Im-From-by-George-Ellen-Lyon

Do or Make?

Exercise

1

 https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/learning-english/activities-for-learners/b2v007b-do-or-make

2
https://www.englishgrammar.org/or-grammar-exercise-3/

Basic Difference Between DO And MAKE

• Use DO for actions, obligations, and repetitive tasks.
• Use MAKE for creating or producing something, and for actions you choose to do.
• DO generally refers to the action itself, and MAKE usually refers to the result. For example, if you “make breakfast,” the result is an omelet! If you “make a suggestion,” you have created a recommendation.

Common English Collocations With DO

HOUSEWORK

• do the housework
  After I got home from the office, I was too tired to do the housework.
• do the laundry
  I really need to do the laundry – I don’t have any clean clothes left!
• do the dishes
  I’ll make dinner if you do the dishes afterwards.
  (you can also say “wash the dishes”)
• do the shopping
  I went to the bank, did some shopping, and mailed a package at the post office.

EXCEPTION: make the bed = putting blankets, sheets, and pillows in the correct place so that the bed looks nice and not messy.

WORK / STUDY

• do work
  I can’t go out this weekend – I have to do some work on an extra project.
• do homework
  You can’t watch any TV until you’ve done your homework.
• do business
  We do business with clients in fifteen countries.
• do a good/great/terrible job
  She did a good job organizing the party.
  (in this expression, “job” doesn’t necessarily refer to work. It simply means the person did something well)
• do a report
  I’m doing a report on the history of American foreign policy.
  (you can also say “writing a report”)
• do a course
  We’re doing a course at the local university.
  (you can also say “taking a course”)

TAKING CARE OF YOUR BODY

• do exercise
  I do at least half an hour of exercise every day.
• do your hair (= style your hair)
  I’ll be ready to go in 15 minutes – I just need to do my hair.
• do your nails (= paint your nails)
  Can you open this envelope for me? I just did my nails and they’re still wet.

GENERAL GOOD OR BAD ACTIONS

• do anything / something / everything / nothing
  Are you doing anything special for your birthday?
  You can’t do everything by yourself – let me help you.
• do well
  I think I did pretty well in the interview.
• do badly
  Everyone did badly on the test – the highest grade was 68.
• do good
  The non-profit organization has done a lot of good in the community.
• do the right thing
  When I found someone’s wallet on the sidewalk, I turned it in to the police because I wanted to do the right thing.
• do your best
  Don’t worry about getting everything perfect – just do your best.

Common English Collocations With MAKE

FOOD

• make breakfast/lunch/dinner
  I’m making dinner – it’ll be ready in about ten minutes.
• make a sandwich
  Could you make me a turkey sandwich?
• make a salad
  I made a salad for the family picnic.
• make a cup of tea
  Would you like me to make you a cup of tea?
• make a reservation
  I’ve made a reservation for 7:30 at our favorite restaurant.

MONEY

• make money
  I enjoy my job, but I don’t make very much money.
• make a profit
  The new company made a profit within its first year.
• make a fortune
  He made a fortune after his book hit #1 on the bestseller list.
• make $_______I made $250 selling my old CDs on the internet.

RELATIONSHIPS

• make friends
  It’s hard to make friends when you move to a big city.
• make love (= have sex)
  The newlyweds made love on the beach during their honeymoon.
• make a pass at (= flirt with someone)
  My best friend’s brother made a pass at me – he asked if I was single and tried to get my phone number.
• make fun of someone (= tease / mock someone)
  The other kids made fun of Jimmy when he got glasses, calling him “four eyes.”
• make up (= resolve a problem in a relationship)
  Karen and Jennifer made up after the big fight they had last week.

COMMUNICATION

• make a phone call
  Please excuse me – I need to make a phone call.
• make a joke
  He made a joke, but it wasn’t very funny and no one laughed.
• make a point
  Dana made some good points during the meeting; I think we should consider her ideas.
• make a bet
  I made a bet with Peter to see who could do more push-ups.
• make a complaint
  We made a complaint with our internet provider about their terrible service, but we still haven’t heard back from them.
• make a confession
  I need to make a confession: I was the one who ate the last piece of cake.
• make a speech
  The company president made a speech about ethics in the workplace.
• make a suggestion
  Can I make a suggestion? I think you should cut your hair shorter – it’d look great on you!
• make a prediction
  It’s difficult to make any predictions about the future of the economy.
• make an excuse
  When I asked him if he’d finished the work, he started making excuses about how he was too busy.
• make a promise
  I made a promise to help her whenever she needs it.
  (you can also say, “I promised to help her whenever she needs it.”)
• make a fuss (= demonstrate annoyance)
  Stop making a fuss – he’s only late a couple minutes. I’m sure he’ll be here soon.
• make an observation
  I’d like to make an observation about our business plan – it’s not set in stone, so we can be flexible.
• make a comment
  The teacher made a few critical comments on my essay.

EXCEPTION: Don’t say “make a question.” The correct phrase is “ask a question.”

PLANS & PROGRESS

• make plans
  We’re making plans to travel to Australia next year.
• make a decision/choice
  I’ve made my decision – I’m going to go to New York University, not Boston University.
• make a mistake
  You made a few mistakes in your calculations – the correct total is $5430, not $4530.
• make progress
  My students are making good progress. Their spoken English is improving a lot.
• make an attempt / effort (= try)
  I’m making an effort to stop smoking this year.
• make up your mind (= decide)
  Should I buy a desktop or a laptop computer? I can’t make up my mind.
• make a discovery
  Scientists have made an important discovery in the area of genetics.
• make a list
  I’m making a list of everything we need for the wedding: invitations, decorations, a cake, a band, the dress…
• make sure (= confirm)
  Can you make sure we have enough copies of the report for everybody at the meeting?
• make a difference
  Getting eight hours of sleep makes a big difference in my day. I have more energy!
• make an exception
  Normally the teacher doesn’t accept late homework, but she made an exception for me because my backpack was stolen with my homework inside it.

source: https://www.espressoenglish.net/difference-between-do-and-make-60-collocations/

Present Simple and Present Continuous

Exercise

https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/learning-english/activities-for-learners/a1g002-present-simple-and-present-continuous-questions

Form

Simple Present	Present Progressive
infinitive (3rd person singular = infinitive + 's') I speak you speak he / she / it speakS we speak they speak	form of 'be' + verb + ing   I am speaking you are speaking he / she / it is speaking we are speaking they are speaking
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 's' : §  For can, may, might, must, do not add s. Example: he can, she may, it must §  After o, ch, sh or s, add es. Example: do - he does, wash - she washes §  After a consonant, the final consonant y becomes ie. (but: not after a vowel) Example: worry - he worries but: play - he plays	Exceptions when adding 'ing' : §  Silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply for -ee) Example: come - coming but: agree - agreeing §  After a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled. Example: sit - sitting §  After a vowel, the final consonant l is doubled in British English (but not in American English). Example: travel - travelling (British English) but: traveling (American English) §  Final ie becomes y. Example: lie - lying

Use - In general or right now?

Do you want to express that something happens in general or that something is happening right now?

Simple Present	Present Progressive
Colin plays football every Tuesday. present actions happening one after another First Colin plays football, then he watches TV.	right now Look! Colin is playing football now. also for several actions happening at the same time Colin is playing football and Anne is watching.
Signal words
§  always §  every ... §  often §  normally §  usually §  sometimes §  seldom §  never §  first §  then	§  at the moment §  at this moment §  today §  now §  right now §  Listen! §  Look!
Note: The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present: be, have, hear, know, like, love, see, smell, think, want
Simple Present	Present Progressive
in general (regularly, often, never)

Timetable / Schedule or arrangement?

Do you want to express that something is arranged for the near future? Or do you refer to a time set by a timetable or schedule?

Simple Present	Present Progressive
action set by a timetable or schedule The film starts at 8 pm.	arrangement for the near future I am going to the cinema tonight.

Daily routine or just for a limited period of time?

Do you want to talk about a daily routine? Or do you want to emphasis that something is only going on for a limited (rather short) period of time?

Simple Present	Present Progressive
daily routine Bob works in a restaurant.	only for a limited period of time (does not have to happen directly at the moment of speaking) Jenny is working in a restaurant this week.

Certain Verbs

The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present (not in the progressive form).

§  state: be, cost, fit, mean, suit

Example: We are on holiday.

§  possession: belong, have

Example: Sam has a cat.

§  senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch

Example: He feels the cold.

§  feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish

Example: Jane loves pizza.

§  brain work: believe, know, think, understand

Example: I believe you.

§  Introductory clauses for direct speech: answer, ask, reply, say

Example: “I am watching TV,“ he says.

source: https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simpre-prepro

Connectors - Lift You Up / MUSIC

Exercises
1

https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/learning-english/activities-for-learners/b2g003-connectors-and-punctuation

2

https://www.englishgrammar.org/sentence-connectors-exercise-2/

Rather (adverb) - quite; to a slight degree:

e.g.

It's rather cold today, isn't it?

That's rather a difficult book - here's an easier one for you.

The train was rather too crowded for a comfortable trip.

She answered the phone rather sleepily.

I rather doubt I'll be able to come to your party.

Rather than - instead of; used especially when you prefer one thing to another:

e.g.

I think I'd like to stay home this evening rather than go out.

Whereas (conjunction) - compared with the fact that; but:

e.g.

He must be about 60, whereas his wife looks about 30.

You eat a huge plate of food for lunch, whereas I have just a sandwich.

Otherwise - used after an order or suggestion to show what the result will be if you do not follow that order or suggestion

e.g.

I'd better write it down, otherwise I'll forget it.

Call home, otherwise your parents will start to worr

Nonetheless  / Nevertheless (adverb) - despite what has just been said or done:

e.g.

There are serious problems in our country. Nonetheless, we feel this is a good time to return.

*Synonyms: however,still, yet

In addition (to) - as well (as)

e.g.

In addition to his apartment in Manhattan, he has a villa in Italy and a castle in Scotland

Beside (preposition) - at the side of, next to:

e.g.

Come and sit here beside me.

Our school was built right beside a river.

Moreover (adverb) - (used to add information) also and more importantly:

e.g.

The whole report is badly written. Moreover, it's inaccurate.

**Synonyms: in addition (to), furthermore formal, as well (as)

Although (conjuction) - despite the fact that

e.g.

She walked home by herself, although she knew that it was dangerous.

He decided to go, although I begged him not to.

However (adverb) - despite whatever amount or degree:

e.g.

However hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off a whole pizza.

In spite of - even though there is something unpleasant or bad happening:

e.g.

In spite of his injury, Ricardo will play in Saturday’s game.

Even as (conjuction) - used to show that something is surprising, unusual, unexpected, or extreme:

e.g.

I don't even know where it is.

Everyone I know likes the smell of bacon - even Mike does and he's a vegetarian.

We were all on time - even Chris and he's usually late for everything.

It's a very difficult job - it might even take a year to finish it.

"I never cry." "Not even when you hurt yourself really badly?"

Even with a load of electronic gadgetry, you still need some musical ability to write a successful song.

Despite (preposition) - without taking any notice of or being influenced by; not prevented by:

e.g.

I still enjoyed the week despite the weather.

Despite repeated assurances that the product is safe, many people have stopped buying it.

[ + -ing verb ] He managed to eat a big lunch despite having eaten an enormous breakfast.

Besides (adverb, preposition) - in addition to; also:

e.g.

She won't mind if you're late - besides, it's hardly your fault.

Do you play any other sports besides basketball?

The fair takes place every June with bands, theater and much more besides.

The author's wife was a good editor, besides being a great writer herself.

There's plenty of other things to do in Gothenburg at night besides drink.

His real love, besides his guitar playing, is ultimately songwriting.

"I'm much too old for you," he said, "and besides, I'm married."

source: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/